{"id":"W2142347558","doi":"10.1093/ije/dym250","title":"Educational attainment and cigarette smoking: a causal association?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Epidemiology","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","keywords":"Demography; Medicine; Sibling; Odds ratio; Socioeconomic status; Educational attainment; Confounding; Confidence interval; Cohort; Relative risk; Cohort study; Tobacco control; Psychology; Population; Public health; Environmental health; Internal medicine; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002939413,0.0004200039,0.0004463541,0.0009192834,0.0003612221,0.001112508,0.0007091012,0.0008882225,0.003938722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01289295,0.000269455,0.0008277695,0.001289995,0.001503468,0.0006448867,0.0007429096,0.001141044,0.0001817069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004552372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008997181,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008210365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00747258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985154,0.0007378943,0.00009820209,0.0003227821,0.0001522249,0.0001734958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9886934,0.007627246,0.002298076,0.0005771145,0.0003381659,0.0004659946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002065578,0.00003816031,0.993484,0.00008886451,0.000570578,0.0001616463,0.00008686203,0.0001148691,0.0001246404,0.0004569938,0.0001132247,0.004553713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002571063,0.0001344987,0.9941385,0.0001698596,0.0007480417,0.0003748016,0.0001982264,0.0008035712,0.0001338018,0.002572776,0.000689312,0.00001093785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743527,0.01558086,0.002591367,0.004352549,0.000146294,0.00002256863,0.0004718408,0.00002759597,0.002454222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976968,0.001611849,0.00023476,0.0001655392,0.00007119521,0.000004589386,0.00009788325,0.000002941044,0.0001143001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008210365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01632512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06414779170248168,"score_gpt":0.3825433421309444,"score_spread":0.3183955504284627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}