{"id":"W2142701687","doi":"10.1111/j.0008-4085.2004.854954554284.x","title":"A cost‐benefit analysis of R&D tax incentives","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax credit; Spillover effect; Welfare; Production (economics); Economics; Incentive; Microeconomics; Public economics; Investment (military); Revenue; Upstream (networking); Monetary economics; Business; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004334643,0.001010921,0.001368516,0.002383875,0.0009677745,0.003910722,0.001373641,0.002166729,0.01969446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01311799,0.0007137885,0.001346268,0.002563653,0.001588871,0.002966421,0.001311006,0.002096299,0.001002217],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007070545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004078597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009643648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006094557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982265,0.0008801561,0.00005241864,0.0001582421,0.0003085516,0.000374133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928015,0.005053017,0.0007636448,0.0003780994,0.0006467229,0.0003570509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"incentives","domain_candidate":"incentives","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000873778,0.0004388351,0.004509001,0.000385134,0.0001893103,0.0003152932,0.00009947222,0.4712324,0.001185952,0.4640386,0.008085041,0.04864717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005249822,0.0006964871,0.009776521,0.000267242,0.000644001,0.0003934407,0.0003938873,0.6280598,0.001269571,0.3366296,0.02123606,0.0001084179],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4807417,0.01080963,0.2124067,0.0133338,0.0006706374,0.001750123,0.00375237,0.0006473526,0.2758877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.974396,0.002164987,0.007503098,0.0003460765,0.000105738,0.0001841931,0.0002355452,0.00003958491,0.01502476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9956654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06588447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1821990619691421,"score_gpt":0.2014870871357345,"score_spread":0.01928802516659245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}