{"id":"W2142947926","doi":"10.2106/jbjs.h.01576","title":"Methodological Issues in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Orthopaedic Research","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","keywords":"Observational study; Systematic review; Confounding; Protocol (science); Meta-analysis; Expansive; Quality (philosophy); Computer science; Management science; Risk analysis (engineering); MEDLINE; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Engineering; Pathology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.7737396,0.005054219,0.01691682,0.02553463,0.00503598,0.01406649,0.01345167,0.01395761,0.002582783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9067045,0.006721585,0.02045818,0.04002469,0.01549668,0.01471364,0.01130611,0.01536738,0.000861317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01409733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02716399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004970568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009100419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.07428532,0.7355691,0.1514013,0.008355496,0.02932056,0.001068323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.06905832,0.856768,0.03495745,0.02109737,0.01712452,0.000994418],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002523509,0.0002365422,0.01060837,0.4246457,0.07812499,0.001330183,0.01173742,0.007950076,0.000694057,0.1224783,0.03416078,0.3055102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004600248,0.001377888,0.009544847,0.2829631,0.05961476,0.002332331,0.003842013,0.0187157,0.002462434,0.5129869,0.1005471,0.001012764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004173084,0.5012203,0.3759231,0.06870968,0.0213953,0.0218522,0.001607539,0.0008083723,0.004310353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09839237,0.1248659,0.6484933,0.02716565,0.01106984,0.08793333,0.0006295968,0.0005002288,0.0009497493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2262604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2790194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9928019429279316,"score_gpt":0.7183886614437522,"score_spread":0.2744132814841793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}