{"id":"W2143020337","doi":"10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000187","title":"Understanding the Mixing Pattern in an Anaerobic Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor: Effect of Liquid Recirculation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TRACER; Mixing (physics); Blanket; Plug flow; Effluent; Dispersion (optics); Wastewater; Complete mixing; Residence time distribution; Flow (mathematics); Hydraulic conductivity; Mixing patterns; Hydraulic retention time; Environmental science; Waste management; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Chromatography; Mass transfer; Mechanics; Soil science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004577064,0.0001838288,0.0002980652,0.0002072603,0.00002504919,0.00001832091,0.0001578245,0.0000837769,0.00001360979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001268678,0.0001472488,0.000130547,0.0001207536,0.00001664308,0.0003200324,0.00001012678,0.0003089384,9.654143e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003300438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003193136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001452571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001189341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989389,0.00004583612,0.0004650316,0.00009044694,0.0002498774,0.0002099757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999608,0.00006656886,0.00008900202,0.0001604126,0.000003120219,0.00007286896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004649474,0.00002616437,0.003196726,0.00002717612,0.00002295455,0.00002460288,0.0004144413,0.05689344,0.9380817,0.000008012953,0.000002919318,0.001255381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004547799,0.002520202,0.1009195,0.0006014546,0.0001840902,0.0002425866,0.0003502574,0.133876,0.7558989,0.0000696601,0.00007454916,0.0007149889],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9713643,0.0005373812,0.02771285,0.00001411227,0.0002143525,0.0001172388,0.000002630285,0.00002341077,0.00001378959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995987,0.000105324,0.0001687143,0.000008352198,0.00008362767,0.000001336755,0.000004984241,0.00002865726,2.412701e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1821828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.600463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01360458357406737,"score_gpt":0.2011280259474397,"score_spread":0.1875234423733723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}