{"id":"W2143125718","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2009.40003","title":"Metacognition in animals: how do we know that they know?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Mental Health; Binghamton University; State University of New York","keywords":"Comparative cognition; Metacognition; Psychology; Need to know; Animal behavior; Animal cognition; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Cognition; Computer science; Neuroscience; Zoology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009392767,0.0003681887,0.000888109,0.0002072023,0.0005162759,0.0002502006,0.0002960316,0.0001270508,0.0005252494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007783773,0.0003516448,0.0002691656,0.0003760243,0.0002960377,0.0007609081,0.00005671799,0.0002945666,0.0006746073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003270177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005986179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008824488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001588541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971987,0.0009015824,0.0005558023,0.000565815,0.0002948142,0.0004832713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989004,0.00009942982,0.0004066644,0.000224336,0.0002017315,0.000167464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001577599,0.003207324,0.02096975,0.00006090799,0.00005399971,0.00006225808,0.07303975,8.58825e-7,0.03152485,0.01782297,0.01123903,0.8418605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002424045,0.0007817007,0.05111956,0.002214193,0.0007597068,0.00001120564,0.0479426,0.000007841842,0.01413443,0.009765926,0.8688296,0.002009199],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6109777,0.3048738,0.00007569292,0.004993031,0.000708978,0.007402221,0.000128,0.0002883703,0.07055223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9056974,0.09219775,0.0004936411,0.0001715536,0.0001157432,0.0008316712,0.00004604702,0.00001393594,0.0004322275],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8575906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2713626685503157,"score_gpt":0.4453087482937923,"score_spread":0.1739460797434766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}