{"id":"W2143232777","doi":"10.1111/oik.01468","title":"Towards a cohesive, holistic view of top predation: a definition, synthesis and perspective","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Predation; Ecology; Trophic level; Generality; Multidisciplinary approach; Apex predator; Biology; Trophic cascade; Food web; Sociology; Psychology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007225695,0.00005386714,0.0001156699,0.000004033756,0.00008367904,0.00001377798,0.00004762122,0.00002341476,0.000128743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002191387,0.00001972547,0.0000251619,0.00007425356,0.00005048141,0.00003268077,0.00002666043,0.00002168434,0.000009634145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006486144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002059324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001815916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002511911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996474,0.00002893517,0.00007102459,0.0001081597,0.00007017831,0.00007431053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996676,0.0001938255,0.00003648978,0.000009831771,0.00006765377,0.00002461331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001781099,0.0003268665,0.0572232,0.000159223,0.0001496742,0.000006870923,0.001543875,6.352562e-7,0.2005108,0.2794617,0.003432827,0.4570063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008507735,0.0002571538,0.9678441,0.00008390854,0.00004296813,0.000009226681,0.00104513,0.00002491803,0.00539521,0.0122793,0.01277765,0.0001553663],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723713,0.0004544421,0.000006268649,0.001287933,0.00001294238,0.00006507882,0.00006250454,0.00001940835,0.02572007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994864,0.000232921,0.00007788056,0.00006893067,0.00007213074,0.00001186786,0.000003122011,2.363893e-7,0.0000464433],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9106209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1409646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06544941791322528,"score_gpt":0.2364160369355752,"score_spread":0.1709666190223499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}