{"id":"W2143704035","doi":"10.1002/asna.201412071","title":"A solar super‐flare as cause for the <sup>14</sup>C variation in AD 774/5?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomische Nachrichten","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Flare; Solar flare; Stars; Variation (astronomy); Event (particle physics); Flare star; Coronal mass ejection; Solar physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006427278,0.0002107244,0.0002370943,0.0001006355,0.0002479199,0.0001310239,0.0003851569,0.00006604337,0.0002877811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008574656,0.0001634117,0.0001658867,0.0001963031,0.00005157313,0.0002430329,0.00009689794,0.0002988254,0.0001826604],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006432176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002115668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002517047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001121564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984648,0.0001126389,0.0003117069,0.0003665664,0.0002380973,0.0005062382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987075,0.0006005563,0.00008711703,0.0003606916,0.0001296835,0.0001144382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001826974,0.002742125,0.1909919,0.0002030297,0.003386746,0.000007802834,0.01557117,0.1685079,0.01375494,0.2702811,0.03870908,0.2940172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008505923,0.0006601939,0.261883,0.0000738111,0.0002581947,0.000003022818,0.002645036,0.3182296,0.0007388382,0.04960364,0.3562981,0.00110063],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9297685,0.0003896383,0.05156652,0.005562312,0.0002259751,0.002684963,0.0009806787,0.00004006435,0.008781323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896516,0.000002147062,0.002149211,0.0001032374,0.0004804361,0.00031328,0.0003903241,0.00003470448,0.006875044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.317589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6663736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01311581730852372,"score_gpt":0.3003997811395293,"score_spread":0.2872839638310055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}