{"id":"W2143718552","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.1100.1262","title":"Information Goods vs. Industrial Goods: Cost Structure and Competition","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Monopoly; Information good; Competition (biology); Product market; Industrial organization; Product (mathematics); Market structure; Business; Microeconomics; Commerce; Natural monopoly; Economics; The Internet; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002850461,0.0001043926,0.00008622361,0.0002885323,0.0002358596,0.001323181,0.0002775653,0.00003150995,0.0001715016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001779554,0.00009365507,0.00001649196,0.0004275131,0.000171342,0.01581506,0.0003504202,0.00006133421,0.0002190065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003267135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006501557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001065834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002066903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992485,3.975601e-7,0.000186173,0.00015254,0.0001772353,0.0002351441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999665,0.000003082159,0.0001363062,0.0001517731,0.00002530814,0.00001851853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000287399,0.00002120258,0.0124472,0.0000606703,0.000008160812,0.000001399686,0.00009495846,0.00003427586,0.000007128386,0.9245445,0.0008984975,0.06185328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00337448,0.00008917124,0.3697866,0.0001548976,0.0001117242,0.000007280491,0.005970784,0.01277779,0.00025585,0.2017543,0.4044043,0.001312843],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6790488,0.000001536681,0.0002873178,0.00007142479,0.0004816603,0.0002919778,0.000003221411,0.00005877416,0.3197553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982056,0.000003908443,0.0002580199,0.001303229,0.0001338335,0.000006398996,0.00002557042,0.000004214695,0.0000592088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7227902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02973424800874375,"score_gpt":0.1967026200369341,"score_spread":0.1669683720281903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}