{"id":"W2143766575","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v15i6.1908","title":"Promoting distance learners’ cognitive engagement and learning outcomes: Design-based research in the Costa Rican National University of Distance Education","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Psychology; Context (archaeology); Cognition; Instructional design; Mathematics education; Student engagement; Transactional leadership; Pedagogy; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04575349,0.00008050375,0.0002077535,0.0001847249,0.0008544032,0.0001410444,0.0008256583,0.00003814897,0.00004821064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01612093,0.00005954859,0.00003081142,0.0009862658,0.0007162045,0.0002202567,0.0002849715,0.001387531,0.000001707967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002095336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001034316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00204147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005390942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9883397,0.009384656,0.000282994,0.0002630597,0.001444874,0.0002846732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9899399,0.008826539,0.000210741,0.00009732714,0.0008701885,0.00005536202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004037528,0.0007070508,0.5747386,0.001536519,0.00006407284,0.00001029947,0.01938785,0.000767255,0.00004127743,0.08985384,0.000713654,0.3117758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002046994,0.0004313037,0.07629437,0.0214728,0.00002531517,0.000002414529,0.3315143,0.01674169,0.00002228016,0.006173745,0.5449695,0.000305322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7424833,0.01305923,0.01553359,0.1523929,0.0001625727,0.00707885,0.0001197716,0.00004542336,0.06912439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947897,0.004459447,0.0003100251,0.00007363798,0.0000302771,0.00002301978,0.00007836617,0.000005234899,0.0002303083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5442558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9921667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1949782749116983,"score_gpt":0.4866445603389475,"score_spread":0.2916662854272492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}