{"id":"W2144062847","doi":"10.3102/01623737024003201","title":"Do Low-Achieving Students Benefit More from Small Classes? Evidence from the Tennessee Class Size Experiment","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class size; Differential effects; Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Academic achievement; Randomized experiment; Psychology; Reading (process); Differential (mechanical device); Student achievement; Scale (ratio); Quarter (Canadian coin); Mathematics; Statistics; Computer science; Physics; Geography; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006134393,0.0003073455,0.0005833994,0.0004417527,0.0007762135,0.000917598,0.0006253648,0.0009631999,0.00662087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0151731,0.0002063853,0.000402642,0.0004569355,0.001360226,0.0008095966,0.0007983164,0.001030253,0.0004482079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007276824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001012592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01684054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02535941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968713,0.001996562,0.00009843424,0.0003809338,0.0003708652,0.0002819361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9793115,0.009989089,0.005889975,0.001919487,0.0006382299,0.002251737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.05879787,0.01330478,0.7599488,0.0004089286,0.001643381,0.0004901119,0.003852191,0.001220878,0.02742796,0.01028966,0.008169155,0.1144463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001561205,0.00360437,0.9839946,0.00003815668,0.0002603054,0.00004509285,0.0007062461,0.0006714426,0.002160277,0.003214041,0.003705913,0.00003839218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953337,0.0001712823,0.0002445278,0.001093411,0.0000143356,0.00002517229,0.0001629542,0.00001272367,0.002941941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976825,0.0001194795,0.0002149698,0.0004827484,0.00001449717,0.00005247002,0.0001270574,0.000005404474,0.00130092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01684054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03348505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1088547008286126,"score_gpt":0.4471015832571122,"score_spread":0.3382468824284997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}