{"id":"W2144094078","doi":"10.1007/s11661-011-0881-y","title":"Microstructure Refinement After the Addition of Titanium Particles in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Resistance Spot Welds","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Microstructure; Metallurgy; Nucleation; Titanium alloy; Titanium; Magnesium alloy; Spot welding; Alloy; Welding; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001168433,0.0001399297,0.0002066341,0.0000352169,0.00004443932,0.00003181795,0.00008205172,0.00008424246,0.002809564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002274836,0.00009750734,0.0000412685,0.00008721091,0.0001385885,0.0001061845,0.000007821562,0.0000853426,0.000005859049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001561589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005503792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007878262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005162571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992365,0.00004349237,0.0003142384,0.0001448489,0.00008441827,0.0001764923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997623,0.0000114272,0.00002989768,0.0001466699,0.0000151692,0.00003451786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004654759,0.00004673272,0.000007770033,0.0002903096,0.00005349352,0.00002152495,0.001029474,0.0002347991,0.9971111,0.0002039379,0.00006021633,0.0004751031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008412053,0.00007508625,0.03769194,0.00008442824,0.0001712775,0.00008972488,0.0003164051,0.0001561516,0.9465075,0.0008917929,0.01277219,0.0004022915],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963955,0.0006555477,0.001964493,0.0001132427,0.0002684074,0.0002016695,0.0001285096,0.00005649007,0.0002160888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977362,0.0001462365,0.001812745,0.00002666714,0.00002363559,0.00005501962,0.000006246498,0.00001897258,0.0001743038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05060366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009061692678179805,"score_gpt":0.1642374508757301,"score_spread":0.1551757581975503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}