{"id":"W2144206910","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-483-3_4","title":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Resources","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Natural gas; Unconventional oil; Hydraulic fracturing; Shale gas; Production (economics); Tight gas; Natural resource economics; Petroleum engineering; Oil shale; Environmental science; Coal; Natural (archaeology); Coalbed methane; Coal mining; Geology; Engineering; Waste management; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008960796,0.0003967906,0.000165296,0.0006465624,0.0006773769,0.001206065,0.0003551732,0.0007162914,0.03296556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002128356,0.0001097063,0.0001309811,0.0009036379,0.001129215,0.001513881,0.0006526193,0.0007073976,0.005712477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001320288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008202955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004166505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00934611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999278,0.000009321848,0.000002686794,0.00001301735,0.00003779249,0.000009426721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999963,0.00001426341,0.000002869791,0.000005169892,0.00001096195,0.000003635698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001258057,0.00001804804,0.0001506019,0.0002960456,0.000004340652,0.00009648372,0.0004890331,0.001004872,0.0004635363,0.5365025,0.206014,0.2549479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001074376,0.000005641077,0.0002011797,0.0001278804,0.000001009583,0.00008174118,0.0001274296,0.0001439852,0.0001625298,0.03468109,0.9644629,0.000003508057],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00162564,0.05084078,0.002273808,0.003536833,0.001398469,0.00001710314,0.00017249,0.0001057011,0.9400292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05462641,0.05452809,0.00234146,0.001387785,0.0008975928,0.00003017131,0.0002703555,0.0001083855,0.8858097],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03296556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1102808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007483049376318011,"score_gpt":0.1704036694381312,"score_spread":0.1629206200618132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}