{"id":"W2144254459","doi":"10.1002/2015jc010741","title":"Effects of subgrid‐scale snow thickness variability on radiative transfer in sea ice","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Snowpack; Snow; Sea ice; Snow field; Sea ice thickness; Climatology; Arctic; Sea ice concentration; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Arctic ice pack; Radiative transfer; Cryosphere; Geology; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Physics; Snow cover","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003725766,0.0001254599,0.00039466,0.000189728,0.00007007278,0.00002420497,0.0003906135,0.00009189925,0.00007823835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001942377,0.00008820525,0.0001351059,0.0005091077,0.0003652394,0.0002895735,0.00001741765,0.001142426,0.00004610045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004775989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005098985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001383587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002892452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965639,0.001039186,0.0003969592,0.0001852454,0.001366839,0.000447833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939429,0.004935955,0.00007671973,0.0001513752,0.0005037225,0.0003893736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006629051,0.00281552,0.9038233,0.0006080593,0.0001995239,0.0006402467,0.01781242,0.006974977,0.0006073893,0.002887959,0.001493979,0.05550757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001867229,0.003079381,0.9597538,0.0002485002,0.00002899816,0.00002043562,0.001091265,0.01639028,0.0009031423,0.0161885,0.0002573884,0.000171124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957392,0.00003053862,0.001191036,0.0007146745,0.0002062207,0.0001898934,0.00002825528,0.000003700302,0.001896464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992852,0.00007493317,0.0002071557,0.00006917198,0.0002399543,4.200498e-7,0.000005142901,0.000004537809,0.0001135055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05593047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4963337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02517274791017417,"score_gpt":0.2886482812982203,"score_spread":0.2634755333880462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}