{"id":"W2145699706","doi":"10.1109/icre.2003.1232786","title":"Bringing usability to the early stages of software development","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Usability; Usability engineering; Computer science; Usability goals; Usability inspection; Cognitive walkthrough; Usability lab; System usability scale; Web usability; Heuristic evaluation; Software engineering; Requirements elicitation; Human–computer interaction; Requirements engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering; Software; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009932087,0.0001269936,0.0003076766,0.0004251889,0.00007126516,0.00002051939,0.001513223,0.0001009843,0.000001575053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002269594,0.00008649887,0.00006839386,0.000758217,0.00009271349,0.0002224765,0.0004548689,0.0003609033,0.000005395244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001622854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001646457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002739901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000372998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987047,0.00004009077,0.0005475951,0.0001724825,0.000276345,0.0002587315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984812,0.0003469277,0.0003338325,0.000514142,0.0002704722,0.00005342301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006541869,0.0003647447,0.04019486,0.0001714982,0.0003729379,0.0003611177,0.01360914,0.2581903,0.03941605,0.0660146,0.0002234708,0.5810158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007739823,0.001025171,0.05777225,0.0003327681,0.00001861732,0.0006270006,0.0002548524,0.00001759784,0.804014,0.1269319,0.007778657,0.0004532161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3232626,0.0002021495,0.6740196,0.002057283,0.0002558506,0.00006308336,2.85635e-7,0.0001347806,0.000004364595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4039758,0.000005993037,0.5959501,0.00003005078,0.0000189323,0.000002195004,1.842146e-8,0.000005258581,0.00001168051],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.764598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3527322,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02413541247833696,"score_gpt":0.2774084639462633,"score_spread":0.2532730514679263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}