{"id":"W2146734665","doi":"10.1183/09031936.00098307","title":"Methodological issues in therapeutic trials of COPD","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"European Respiratory Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":160,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Royal Victoria Hospital; University of Ottawa; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Salmeterol; Discontinuation; Hazard ratio; Exacerbation; Confidence interval; Internal medicine; Rate ratio; Clinical trial; Relative risk; Intensive care medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01236017,0.0006293477,0.005533975,0.001143376,0.0001225516,0.00004675848,0.0007190966,0.0002711143,0.001586414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005212964,0.0004151173,0.002068236,0.0007256888,0.0004788052,0.000100215,0.0002360407,0.002691876,0.0002857108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007057196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00211925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002973509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.756203e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9662873,0.02799248,0.003388265,0.0006095035,0.001090319,0.0006321158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944476,0.002201715,0.001743163,0.0007714874,0.0002972101,0.0005388623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002341008,0.0003049783,0.0003069995,0.006512906,0.0005895749,0.01091795,0.00005582923,0.00000102255,0.00002631944,0.00008701027,0.002756649,0.9782066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001646413,0.0003657182,0.004178715,0.01114386,0.0006734864,0.003820467,0.0000410359,7.560394e-7,0.000004481481,0.00006430989,0.9777454,0.0003154345],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001518601,0.9908993,0.0000695173,0.00006862001,0.000329001,0.001172493,0.00004817058,0.0000322273,0.007228784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00005084036,0.9965799,0.0005133068,0.0001536813,0.001782157,0.0000143925,0.00001321603,0.0001647137,0.0007277774],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9778912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998301,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.489326994769294,"score_gpt":0.5043948425160242,"score_spread":0.01506784774673015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}