{"id":"W2147637974","doi":"10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.19.021303","title":"Direct longitudinal laser acceleration of electrons in free space","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Accelerators and Beams","topic":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Agency for Science, Technology and Research","keywords":"Laser; Electron; Ultrashort pulse; Femtosecond; Acceleration; Axicon; Particle accelerator; Ultrafast electron diffraction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002607432,0.0002409287,0.0002026167,0.0002648247,0.000465886,0.0007800605,0.0006769378,0.0004366829,0.00579572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003872974,0.0002028254,0.0001616167,0.0002160901,0.0007313103,0.001040606,0.001069118,0.0004551725,0.001561947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005495675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003815758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005431481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009808695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998553,0.00001084422,0.000003742346,0.00002898787,0.00005452889,0.00004668428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997805,0.00006902903,0.0000392793,0.00003253578,0.00004345198,0.00003513651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006712523,0.0001581762,0.003174423,0.0005724095,0.00003193247,0.0003475006,0.0008831282,0.003873483,0.8226274,0.1008934,0.005353214,0.06141371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003348007,0.001492396,0.00556354,0.0001317838,0.0000367077,0.0006812679,0.000597972,0.04786621,0.8119874,0.03233835,0.09884019,0.0001293832],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.866061,0.01181864,0.05749022,0.0011712,0.0008355896,0.0001031803,0.0004042097,0.0006785344,0.06143749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717339,0.001193611,0.009340346,0.0001882421,0.00008693105,0.0000414447,0.0001071138,0.00004609684,0.01726226],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00579572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01938862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01498584472682339,"score_gpt":0.2879057206176859,"score_spread":0.2729198758908625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}