{"id":"W2148440013","doi":"10.1109/icfhr.2010.28","title":"Word Spotting in Gray Scale Handwritten Pashto Documents","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Spotting; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Handwriting; Pattern recognition (psychology); Word (group theory); Grayscale; Feature vector; Binary number; Handwriting recognition; Scripting language; Feature (linguistics); Speech recognition; Feature extraction; Natural language processing; Pixel; Mathematics; Arithmetic","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005724623,0.0001496576,0.0001692337,0.0002598916,0.00007982632,0.0002669982,0.0008627675,0.0001108892,0.000370187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005243599,0.000133427,0.00005803461,0.0005204602,0.00004470861,0.0008506043,0.0002980289,0.0003636502,0.0003066041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002426296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003365177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001468005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007218048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985833,0.00004677421,0.0003065811,0.0004238838,0.0002626331,0.0003768059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991518,0.00006977245,0.00006440043,0.0005236556,0.00007073985,0.0001196926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054327,0.0001644761,0.03335335,0.0000132495,0.00000670369,0.00004028462,0.0005015438,3.202399e-7,0.02531717,0.006215788,0.003474766,0.9309069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002276438,0.0001743852,0.09830268,0.000219325,0.00001011368,0.0001612412,0.0001692731,0.00725164,0.7354175,0.09736399,0.05703536,0.001618048],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6513317,0.00002135538,0.2660305,0.002068655,0.0006173273,0.0004722305,0.000001622763,0.001456586,0.078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7856694,0.000008052142,0.2122631,0.0006292555,0.00005922716,0.00005054007,0.000002003134,0.00001039359,0.001307962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9292889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5440996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007786585934421827,"score_gpt":0.2522058995031434,"score_spread":0.2444193135687215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}