{"id":"W2148534503","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810309","title":"Experimental Determination of Bubble Coalescence and Break‐up Rates in a Bubble Column Reactor","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Coalescence (physics); Mechanics; Bubble column reactor; Work (physics); Materials science; Physics; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Gas bubble","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007826601,0.0003660863,0.0004198756,0.0003292786,0.0004378729,0.0004873665,0.0005933967,0.0006984583,0.001542201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002035229,0.0003268291,0.0002463254,0.0003009223,0.0004098772,0.0005001127,0.0003072183,0.001195954,0.0002947536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006010323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003459024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004270636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002740688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994771,0.00006796744,0.00003291195,0.0001224393,0.0001864162,0.0001131218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997412,0.001723719,0.0001731577,0.0001233786,0.0004022526,0.0001654992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002772016,0.0001475092,0.001357692,0.00007029471,0.00001528156,0.00004459944,0.0001085327,0.001843018,0.9928965,0.0002017025,0.00006072157,0.002976924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002305231,0.0006927565,0.002402622,0.000004239052,0.00001417732,0.0000276054,0.00003062165,0.01417891,0.9822844,0.00004005423,0.0002912186,0.00001030302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985356,0.0004289925,0.01303763,0.0000421868,0.00001462666,0.00005517286,0.0002834158,0.0001978667,0.0005839975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99389,0.0002430424,0.005035725,0.00001834739,0.000005707986,0.00004697392,0.0002510438,0.00002676498,0.0004823867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004270636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008491576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00537194014187866,"score_gpt":0.1853936015622356,"score_spread":0.1800216614203569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}