{"id":"W2148550924","doi":"10.1115/ht2013-17209","title":"On Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Pipe With a U-Bend","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Turbulence; Pipe flow; Fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Heat pipe; Micro-loop heat pipe; Materials science; Vortex; Open-channel flow; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002557398,0.000353639,0.0003519465,0.000469492,0.0004327759,0.0003804358,0.0003451448,0.0005075642,0.00098845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006932839,0.0001857436,0.000406664,0.0002863964,0.00102826,0.0005187391,0.0004641923,0.000299511,0.0001612568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000461717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003102332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003501324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001291736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999889,0.00003332875,0.000004790033,0.00002082631,0.00002455596,0.0000275496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998099,0.0001274346,0.00002310172,0.00001137533,0.00001968421,0.000008535314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003121616,0.0001447448,0.002981992,0.0001254084,0.00001329486,0.000381599,0.0002205659,0.8996447,0.07486623,0.008897317,0.0002741184,0.01213785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001787864,0.0001674306,0.001953504,0.00001475555,0.000005958059,0.00004743857,0.00003707562,0.9836405,0.01249626,0.001104806,0.0004975414,0.00001691754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474602,0.0007245861,0.04054366,0.0002235112,0.00004191909,0.00007771721,0.0001253465,0.0001336385,0.01066934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935904,0.0003998223,0.004190672,0.00001560706,0.00001154181,0.00002205933,0.00003979213,0.00001315856,0.001716952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003501324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006961882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006740031847519442,"score_gpt":0.1859259194300374,"score_spread":0.1791858875825179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}