{"id":"W2149134506","doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0783","title":"Biomarkers, Surrogate End Points, and the Acceleration of Drug Development for Cancer Prevention and Treatment","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Clinical Cancer Research","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Drug development; Clinical trial; Surrogate endpoint; Cancer; Cancer drugs; Clinical endpoint; Intensive care medicine; Drug; Clinical Oncology; Oncology; Internal medicine; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1219767,0.001895674,0.003422972,0.00361014,0.0006615036,0.00643196,0.001916368,0.003948222,0.007062581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1465389,0.0006136353,0.001241336,0.003749248,0.003871332,0.007200415,0.003905842,0.00695981,0.001829516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004256013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007674204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001075847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007405052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9164202,0.06621933,0.004017622,0.002505918,0.01026746,0.000569441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7878417,0.1601195,0.02493231,0.007534713,0.0160948,0.003476816],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003827655,0.0006493204,0.01650071,0.005541322,0.0006221011,0.0001955257,0.0002665462,0.01019705,0.001472696,0.1974265,0.03737476,0.7259258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002460584,0.01269449,0.02784814,0.01387382,0.001265632,0.001384429,0.0003770359,0.03310004,0.009542486,0.3803319,0.5166563,0.0004650195],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01455461,0.5398954,0.2563887,0.1379326,0.008056417,0.002541395,0.002977423,0.0009447937,0.03670863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2735265,0.340551,0.3162986,0.04085464,0.01680234,0.004120845,0.002173138,0.0003474968,0.005325461],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1219767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.645082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8866212378948998,"score_gpt":0.7355782408196071,"score_spread":0.1510429970752927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}