{"id":"W2149201528","doi":"10.1177/1365480210390554","title":"Do resources matter? PISA science achievement comparisons between students in the United States, Canada and Finland","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Improving Schools","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Academic achievement; Science education; Psychology; Mathematics education; Political science; Sociology; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002474169,0.0001117531,0.0001278738,0.0001368783,0.001019422,0.0008321329,0.00106328,0.00004994911,0.00004182692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002291988,0.00008293354,0.0000123344,0.0007243614,0.0002985714,0.0003323547,0.0001337033,0.0006249815,0.00001822935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001051294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005686216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8850346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9122308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979761,0.0001263256,0.0002133872,0.0002649084,0.0009473921,0.0004718937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991444,0.0002335748,0.00009664209,0.0002835504,0.0000679182,0.0001738583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003688418,0.00001326064,0.9922124,0.000006063646,0.000003028448,0.000001811358,0.003648022,0.000008770796,0.0001412632,0.00003309224,0.003077749,0.0008508146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000231735,0.00001914853,0.943257,0.00001987541,0.00000728817,5.15872e-7,0.006205747,0.0000327048,0.00003774405,0.00006377489,0.05000383,0.0001205886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995158,0.00003135173,0.000007036335,0.00361695,0.000182625,0.0002615866,0.00001844655,0.00001324041,0.0007108336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982609,0.00001534549,0.000140566,0.001119513,0.0002505561,0.00001705681,0.000005726698,0.000005938139,0.0001844481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04895539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8024277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02011162782009392,"score_gpt":0.3197906884960123,"score_spread":0.2996790606759184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}