{"id":"W2149385584","doi":"10.1080/10473289.2011.650040","title":"Black carbon particulate matter emission factors for buoyancy-driven associated gas flares","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","topic":"Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues","field":"Energy","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada","keywords":"Soot; Methane; Incandescence; Greenhouse gas; Particulates; Combustor; Fugitive emissions; Natural gas; Fuel oil; Combustion; Fuel gas; Volume (thermodynamics); Environmental science; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Waste management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006468866,0.0001842889,0.0002759978,0.0000788206,0.0001424501,0.00004677217,0.0002485152,0.000116776,0.00006645257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001280373,0.0001277633,0.0002992701,0.0001208669,0.00001846898,0.000313317,0.0001219302,0.0001536776,0.00002850983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008375456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005002521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004654022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002343296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998229,0.0001815398,0.000478171,0.0001144626,0.0005790766,0.0004177037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985317,0.000114652,0.001025234,0.0001834619,0.00005380095,0.00009117285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005720667,0.0002535321,0.9576303,0.00005571888,0.0009248761,0.000001619159,0.002594579,0.01255739,0.002700775,0.0001090997,0.02238622,0.0007286406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002126741,0.0001734944,0.9437124,0.0003785041,0.001386679,0.000001450157,0.004913731,0.002445392,0.02191086,0.001491429,0.02096849,0.0004908446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993228,0.00007638151,0.00002286628,0.002042425,0.001056719,0.0002260824,0.000004687809,0.00001840443,0.003324438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860033,0.00007083698,0.0001070727,0.0002364166,0.0003771393,0.000005785783,0.00001062055,0.00003395821,0.01315483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01921009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5210034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01029242306991901,"score_gpt":0.2185828426191815,"score_spread":0.2082904195492624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}