{"id":"W2149552343","doi":"10.7202/1020691ar","title":"A Malthusian-Frontier Interpretation of United States Demographic History Before c. 1815","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban History Review","topic":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Urbanization; Elite; Pace; Politics; Development economics; Population; Population growth; Economics; Inequality; Per capita; Demographic transition; Interpretation (philosophy); Economic geography; Demographic economics; Economic history; Geography; Political science; Economic growth; Demography; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003631227,0.0001905162,0.000852385,0.0002727444,0.00005952417,0.000003360942,0.0002355771,0.0000902411,0.005263438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001358641,0.0002115102,0.0002994722,0.0001914739,0.000232953,0.000247108,0.00003848905,0.000155201,0.0008314103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002768088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004694852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001579671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005396095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982986,0.00004133065,0.001060919,0.0003225949,0.0000404798,0.0002360725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986635,0.00003307183,0.0007967631,0.0003040302,0.00009568324,0.00010689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003977445,0.00006026181,0.00665413,0.00112398,0.00008418185,5.140002e-7,0.003959952,0.000001517333,4.066239e-7,0.02194779,0.9632258,0.00293749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001280738,0.00006360309,0.002594468,0.0002484628,0.00002687465,4.394886e-7,0.00004250175,0.0003562347,4.810696e-8,0.001675096,0.9946638,0.0002004044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0048471,0.9305927,0.0006648764,0.0005412435,0.001501536,0.0005694193,0.00003095555,0.00005587265,0.0611963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3816302,0.4369833,0.001534115,0.01677799,0.000533818,0.0009801864,0.0004386661,0.0002290402,0.1608927],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4936094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02912477104896619,"score_gpt":0.1970055651414196,"score_spread":0.1678807940924534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}