{"id":"W2149658026","doi":"10.1242/jeb.203.5.935","title":"Head-Bobbing in Pigeons: How Stable is the Hold Phase?","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Biology","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Head (geology); Thrust; Rotation (mathematics); Physics; Translation (biology); Optics; Phase (matter); Horizontal axis; Geology; Control theory (sociology); Geodesy; Anatomy; Mathematics; Geometry; Computer science; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Paleontology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015374,0.0001138375,0.000201578,0.00005120724,0.00006505028,0.00003813503,0.0002083871,0.00003488662,0.002550352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002134829,0.00007505092,0.0001179887,0.00009496143,0.00008735619,0.0001433712,0.00003489972,0.0002112123,0.00002700439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004849934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002867184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005103016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.773532e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992591,0.0000604981,0.00026347,0.0001014273,0.00008288402,0.0002326888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996265,0.00004029898,0.000138782,0.00012221,0.00002104581,0.00005112302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002526905,0.002059071,0.02440539,0.000003908019,0.0002276278,0.00003024957,0.004495212,0.00002555299,0.9338629,0.005367107,0.006344004,0.02292633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004962045,0.001870411,0.0004095373,0.00006799371,0.00002733533,0.00005816247,0.01097028,0.0003001086,0.8633723,0.003946483,0.1136585,0.0003568572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919039,0.001556997,0.00002918097,0.001427755,0.0002002725,0.00008255064,0.00001573637,0.000002847731,0.004780736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984549,0.00001936567,0.000271655,0.0002899145,0.000282548,0.000004950674,0.000004379251,0.000009161502,0.0006631627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1073145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.018679450598213,"score_gpt":0.3154651629429583,"score_spread":0.2967857123447453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}