{"id":"W2151882248","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105511","title":"Photorespiration and the Evolution of C<sub>4</sub>Photosynthesis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annual Review of Plant Biology","topic":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":770,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photorespiration; C4 photosynthesis; Photosynthesis; RuBisCO; Botany; Biology; Convergent evolution; Mechanism (biology); Oxygen evolution; Vascular bundle; Biophysics; Chemistry; Phylogenetics; Biochemistry; Physics; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004817181,0.0009907085,0.001463926,0.001880347,0.0003773005,0.001324306,0.001104407,0.001538244,0.004202226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005904166,0.0003022066,0.0004176521,0.002625857,0.0006676335,0.001695029,0.0009498549,0.001502215,0.003748325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001046963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001350323,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001671589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001682368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998372,0.00001702038,0.00001539897,0.00004365382,0.000066443,0.00002038597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997867,0.00006563429,0.00004288205,0.00000736246,0.0000620039,0.00003545449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008710056,0.00004723731,0.000293489,0.01436173,0.00005640409,0.0002704361,0.00006957547,0.0005968802,0.004654758,0.006017484,0.02036362,0.9531814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009835868,0.00005987109,0.001554123,0.001760736,0.00006321283,0.001022246,0.0000525408,0.00007339961,0.0007651096,0.003648821,0.990971,0.00001905084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001476074,0.9984373,0.0001179284,0.000136431,0.0001061683,0.000002459489,0.00001328025,0.000009787516,0.001028952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009784896,0.9980039,0.000120428,0.0000842411,0.000111585,0.000003228592,0.00002616331,0.000001596784,0.0006703447],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004202226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01405782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01440376439539451,"score_gpt":0.2734290205591312,"score_spread":0.2590252561637366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}