{"id":"W2152194872","doi":"10.1002/cssc.201000001","title":"“Switchable Water”: Aqueous Solutions of Switchable Ionic Strength","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Aqueous solution; Ionic strength; Salting out; Ionic liquid; Salt (chemistry); Ionic bonding; Chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Aqueous two-phase system; Chemical engineering; Phase (matter); Ion; Organic chemistry; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001410013,0.0001682762,0.0002325345,0.00005554257,0.00007277702,0.00002455711,0.0001724321,0.0002374741,0.0009158603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001311741,0.0001318873,0.00007542571,0.00009120713,0.00005236296,0.00008569343,0.00005655508,0.0002941845,0.0002821152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002121023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002002639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003829621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001426632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990289,0.000004658804,0.0002747804,0.0001543163,0.0001124244,0.0004249509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994693,0.0000208691,0.00002946264,0.000335776,0.00004824928,0.00009630209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003630949,0.00003965523,0.000008379391,0.0003292292,0.00004077571,0.00000354386,0.0001473437,0.001284567,0.9959309,0.000271582,0.001680842,0.0002595361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002815735,0.0000166012,0.000007006283,0.00002105817,0.00002159463,0.00001258091,0.00003415008,0.004396113,0.9662003,0.0005868814,0.02823712,0.0001850248],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9406274,0.001066021,0.00006700349,0.00006488823,0.001683704,0.0001246367,0.00001331152,0.0003369217,0.05601611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974604,0.0002838387,0.0008817955,0.00000719619,0.0001690939,0.00001576703,0.00002641383,0.00004563071,0.00110981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05683305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005109562305874448,"score_gpt":0.1678620770028217,"score_spread":0.1627525146969473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}