{"id":"W2152221295","doi":"10.2118/157998-ms","title":"Experimental Study of the Mechanisms in Heavy Oil Waterflooding Using Etched Glass Micromodel","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Heavy Oil Conference Canada","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Porous Media Laboratory","keywords":"Imbibition; Micromodel; Petroleum engineering; Water injection (oil production); Viscosity; Oil viscosity; Environmental science; Porous medium; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Porosity; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002002264,0.0002656464,0.0003443245,0.00007994012,0.00006903032,0.00002778756,0.0003527516,0.000093597,0.00005064352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001671421,0.0002355549,0.00004317371,0.0002180317,0.00003219221,0.0002272397,0.000111123,0.0002897275,0.00000125185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008416885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003252316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3059749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4726425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983968,0.00007685897,0.000400131,0.0002136234,0.0003551294,0.0005574963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993343,0.00003408048,0.00006745972,0.0003967847,0.00005146955,0.0001159359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003920234,0.0003285129,0.001666252,0.0001730262,0.0000597847,0.00001328214,0.004779755,0.004985226,0.983025,0.0006581062,0.0001528294,0.00411901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004129965,0.00005481452,0.0002743981,0.0001751852,0.00001310336,0.000008846003,0.003191532,0.01089456,0.9845087,0.00008741306,0.00007288777,0.0003055425],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963329,0.0001965732,0.0007581547,0.00003511345,0.0007408595,0.0001055207,0.00001589603,0.00008698357,0.001728003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980653,0.00001792884,0.001641375,0.00005397978,0.00003478447,0.00003664025,0.000002281641,0.00004735593,0.0001003648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1666675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9605651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02825542555110893,"score_gpt":0.2472719552645306,"score_spread":0.2190165297134217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}