{"id":"W2152849569","doi":"10.1139/p11-113","title":"Understanding of mechanical waves among second-year physics majors","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Mathematics education; Test (biology); Class (philosophy); Perception; Physics education; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001709946,0.0006180521,0.0005803505,0.001769061,0.003105412,0.002685911,0.001278893,0.001270035,0.002376487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005988647,0.0005173506,0.0004036029,0.0008479155,0.001703147,0.0009847418,0.001346809,0.001903828,0.0004723044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005745279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006488236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3529494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.477232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986433,0.0001068292,0.00004133093,0.0001438899,0.0006016406,0.0004629377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954476,0.0006819952,0.001218031,0.0001254244,0.001069008,0.001457973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001397152,0.001708675,0.8830777,0.00005217522,0.00002529992,0.0003060423,0.09382543,0.0001290747,0.003707778,0.0002255413,0.001007735,0.01579468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001201863,0.0005644034,0.9558062,0.00002392513,0.00001103204,0.0002096431,0.03997573,0.00052303,0.0009279928,0.0001190517,0.001789814,0.00003714421],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996432,0.00001912032,0.00001380798,0.00004888617,0.000001282347,0.000005773967,0.0000162494,0.000001398188,0.0002502522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998651,0.00006868478,0.00007848073,0.00005904015,0.000002426526,0.000008423235,0.00008131821,0.000001518096,0.001049342],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3529494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70179,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2444970856441487,"score_gpt":0.3316946270743674,"score_spread":0.08719754143021868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}