{"id":"W2152877979","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2010.507401","title":"How Centralized Federations Avoid Over-centralization","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional & Federal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Decentralization; Centralized government; Government (linguistics); Central government; Point (geometry); Cooperative federalism; Devolution (biology); Public administration; Political science; Local government; Economic system; Business; Economics; Market economy; Politics; Geography; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008674636,0.0002100715,0.0004892442,0.001436824,0.007399325,0.00855308,0.001391683,0.002012822,0.01705511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02222287,0.0003044101,0.000578138,0.001292321,0.008956004,0.008835362,0.006978373,0.001584528,0.001709004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005817513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005448738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006476556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005878287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9932669,0.002985098,0.0002008254,0.001058959,0.0007134279,0.001774815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.987934,0.002451702,0.002569326,0.00328862,0.001769789,0.001986682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204246,0.0000938521,0.01343048,0.00008661221,0.0000454442,0.000330528,0.01102278,0.004399783,0.0007930028,0.9285359,0.009449312,0.03169193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001278456,0.0001728812,0.02057693,0.0002748712,0.00007340566,0.0003548655,0.01980212,0.01147398,0.001397778,0.8095304,0.1361523,0.00006274001],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5648875,0.001008966,0.04601415,0.01746398,0.0003223462,0.0001495656,0.0001219651,0.0006586062,0.3693729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992541,0.00007878278,0.001295968,0.0002300673,0.00002720846,0.00002250366,0.00003067414,0.00003083222,0.00574306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01705511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05705506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1562703148688453,"score_gpt":0.3415367317210283,"score_spread":0.1852664168521831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}