{"id":"W2153353399","doi":"10.1075/eww.21.2.02cha","title":"Region and language variation","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dialectology; Representativeness heuristic; Variation (astronomy); Geography; Population; Regional variation; Demography; Linguistics; Genealogy; Sociology; History; Psychology; Social psychology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001487584,0.0001292253,0.000321557,0.00188294,0.00100158,0.00201368,0.0004529352,0.0002913465,0.002462146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005040254,0.00006888232,0.0001852084,0.0025381,0.003960934,0.0009872566,0.001710491,0.000335066,0.000151131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001638952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000963088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01969844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02576244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976718,0.001151948,0.00009546095,0.0005553602,0.0002265063,0.0002988678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973511,0.00117007,0.0006205311,0.0002378443,0.00032972,0.0002908632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002552647,0.00006018982,0.6231892,0.000355541,0.0005242148,0.001567358,0.04730741,0.002742002,0.003848868,0.1760923,0.0026834,0.1413743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001960974,0.0001343224,0.9032835,0.0001463193,0.0001078064,0.001085096,0.02166972,0.001173808,0.0004723652,0.04136286,0.03046947,0.0000750534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.962041,0.004262068,0.002730618,0.001387862,0.00003747182,0.00001576644,0.0002368538,0.00003370029,0.02925472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989454,0.0002456171,0.0002732651,0.00003828528,0.00000999423,0.000003449812,0.00003136302,0.000006498968,0.0004461411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01969844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03916758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01006315242911281,"score_gpt":0.2577709292725245,"score_spread":0.2477077768434117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}