{"id":"W2153367960","doi":"10.1155/2010/508092","title":"Least Squares for Practitioners","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","topic":"Control Systems and Identification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Confusion; Reliability (semiconductor); Identification (biology); Simple (philosophy); Least-squares function approximation; Computer science; Management science; Mathematics; Statistics; Engineering; Epistemology; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01424231,0.001861761,0.001339268,0.002659988,0.001627018,0.006831796,0.002009687,0.009116028,0.02893356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04328998,0.0006218775,0.000718015,0.003561537,0.008892885,0.009193572,0.003923533,0.01431452,0.03053645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002328084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003807109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001854132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00136332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9886492,0.005497579,0.001047388,0.001961813,0.002562416,0.0002815384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9766074,0.01319409,0.001251716,0.003256759,0.004850059,0.0008399308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004657329,0.00005330369,0.0005890963,0.0007420884,0.00003877094,0.0001581609,0.001150393,0.001781848,0.0006021232,0.5824845,0.2443324,0.1680208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000138493,0.00003735452,0.0002274541,0.00057078,0.000008236761,0.0002284651,0.0003998792,0.002121287,0.0001979768,0.4330727,0.5630921,0.00002995634],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001378892,0.10673,0.4872053,0.2751182,0.01974842,0.0001883741,0.0007019074,0.001769319,0.1071597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08037145,0.1684954,0.4766712,0.1136451,0.04526343,0.001394386,0.001842061,0.001909713,0.1104073],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02893356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0967924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007823995556214042,"score_gpt":0.207327010341976,"score_spread":0.1995030147857619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}