{"id":"W2154157570","doi":"10.19030/iber.v4i8.3609","title":"A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Tax Laws Between Countries For Firms Engaging In Research And Development","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax credit; Incentive; Ad valorem tax; Tax reform; Value-added tax; Indirect tax; Public economics; Carry (investment); Business; Tax incentive; Economics; Monetary economics; Labour economics; Market economy; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003223555,0.0001843181,0.0003973038,0.004128858,0.0009431267,0.003202047,0.0004403059,0.0005841636,0.002816839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02064549,0.0002016334,0.0005914639,0.004505714,0.001118228,0.00133613,0.001036978,0.0008707598,0.000377959],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002655708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001578004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02774948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03629674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971213,0.0007090422,0.0002570743,0.0002383187,0.000850085,0.0008240414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9697111,0.009019506,0.0130468,0.00162739,0.00536584,0.001229407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001326551,0.0003430045,0.8401577,0.000364829,0.0006601048,0.0005715479,0.00158949,0.005029843,0.00129951,0.03991672,0.009111435,0.09962926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007572281,0.0002669482,0.9722772,0.0001783594,0.0001988813,0.0003093325,0.002911591,0.0006639208,0.001054515,0.00114736,0.02087994,0.0000362444],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9537017,0.003652082,0.0007454134,0.001078329,0.00007582919,0.00007760085,0.001801466,0.00004763001,0.03881995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961829,0.0008961096,0.0002105639,0.000149916,0.00001496207,0.00001329735,0.001055666,0.00001078482,0.001465752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02774948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0551759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4268919963791026,"score_gpt":0.4402226312486534,"score_spread":0.01333063486955077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}