{"id":"W2154332208","doi":"10.4314/ad.v32i4.57322","title":"3 - Whither African Development? A Preparatory for an African Alternative Reformulation of the Concept of Development","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Africa Development","topic":"African cultural and philosophical studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Context (archaeology); Order (exchange); Provisioning; Globalization; Political science; Sociology; International development; Development economics; Political economy; Economic growth; Economics; Law; Computer science; Geography; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001462366,0.0002498097,0.0003816101,0.00009281178,0.0009656102,0.00001906393,0.0006140323,0.0001153088,0.00005114325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002335941,0.0001647761,0.00009269033,0.0006441479,0.0005067135,0.0001837078,0.0001795402,0.0001126959,0.00000541869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005278863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009368112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001364187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001379093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971582,0.0001285807,0.0008945809,0.0003696848,0.0008907734,0.0005581869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981132,0.000242295,0.0005962916,0.0002077041,0.000652803,0.0001877676],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003021212,0.0005084404,0.004437099,0.00005303658,0.0004010422,0.000001011109,0.8959229,0.00003586723,0.0009495937,0.0267792,0.0006615309,0.06994814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006475046,0.0001331119,0.04738388,0.00009814154,0.00003017106,4.755395e-7,0.02691503,0.000005901521,0.04935747,0.003454731,0.8714425,0.0005310764],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8721293,0.0004429354,0.004651657,0.0009779902,0.0006255955,0.002617358,0.00003102856,0.0001274881,0.1183967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788972,0.00000344999,0.01901316,0.00005266899,0.0001095391,0.0001117695,0.00001085974,0.00001726321,0.001784116],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8707809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7426791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07235827323853568,"score_gpt":0.3198480479662138,"score_spread":0.2474897747276781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}