{"id":"W2154903806","doi":"10.1177/000842980403300201","title":"Naming religious groups in the late Roman empire","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses","topic":"Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Emic and etic; Empire; Roman Empire; Meaning (existential); Religious pluralism; Late Antiquity; History; Epistemology; Sociology; Classics; Anthropology; Religious studies; Philosophy; Ancient history","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001078842,0.0005211859,0.0007478659,0.0004587788,0.001760043,0.0002499626,0.001209507,0.0001241837,0.00000968268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006753765,0.0003332695,0.0002281365,0.0008582311,0.003505421,0.000318515,0.0003419059,0.0005902408,0.0001437038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003972735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001873976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005632882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01580561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961378,0.0001863131,0.0009897616,0.0007656093,0.0009573382,0.0009631615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982173,0.0008016527,0.0002381601,0.0005006167,0.0001596713,0.00008257666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007662328,0.0004105639,0.002734332,0.0001689382,0.0001014998,0.0004342974,0.2610048,0.001224333,0.00002093799,0.629863,0.1037206,0.0002400467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001147747,0.001087436,0.0004154134,0.0007476898,0.00006249356,0.00005328689,0.0419468,0.000008978977,0.00002795344,0.5333208,0.4201736,0.001007843],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7013077,0.1389426,0.000004737617,0.01545829,0.002665668,0.0007624838,0.00001284259,0.0002577394,0.140588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9123657,0.08348173,0.00008627612,0.002887933,0.0007322993,0.0001740812,0.000002745518,0.00002986819,0.0002393745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.316453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09349688489700833,"score_gpt":0.3240762177819181,"score_spread":0.2305793328849098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}