{"id":"W2155263920","doi":"10.3375/043.031.0403","title":"Degradation of Boreal Forests by Nonnative Herbivores in Newfoundland's National Parks: Recommendations for Ecosystem Restoration","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Areas Journal","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Parks Canada; Lakehead University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Understory; Abies balsamea; Ecology; Taiga; Disturbance (geology); Geography; Ecological succession; Seed dispersal; Forest management; Balsam; Herbivore; Biological dispersal; Canopy; Biology; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004770053,0.00008976791,0.0001221709,0.00008170781,0.0002093746,0.00001374462,0.000115159,0.00006674032,0.0001278206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002061351,0.00007528845,0.00004890521,0.0001488009,0.00005953013,0.0004966817,0.00002615199,0.0001780974,0.000007230713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004106313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002928528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002648231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03608727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990969,0.00008664071,0.000344108,0.0001289614,0.0002003218,0.0001431011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993536,0.0001500758,0.0002982451,0.00004214368,0.0001167446,0.00003921282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002073056,0.0001890276,0.9770234,0.00001201136,0.00005170981,0.000001511703,0.001870315,0.0004044454,0.000139995,0.00274095,0.01357046,0.003788845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001016013,0.0001381782,0.9737486,0.00003715164,0.00001312305,0.00002601754,0.0002665439,0.009561394,0.0001327541,0.01426584,0.0006711545,0.0001232477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912583,0.0001419194,0.002924842,0.001085558,0.0004340288,0.0003059112,0.00005459887,0.00001115315,0.003783724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957047,0.0000368931,0.003788322,0.00006769657,0.0000294832,0.00003106958,0.0000965947,0.000005609444,0.0002396049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03582245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9815016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02470784248208545,"score_gpt":0.2763878341242658,"score_spread":0.2516799916421804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}