{"id":"W2155372378","doi":"10.3138/cjccj.53.4.449","title":"Disproportionate Minority Contact in Canada: Police and Visible Minority Youth","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Juvenile delinquency; Differential treatment; Psychology; Differential (mechanical device); Differential association; Differential effects; Criminology; Possession (linguistics); Clinical psychology; Medicine; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001849251,0.0003108097,0.0005419583,0.0005685036,0.000711757,0.00009335476,0.0005340601,0.0004069865,0.0001935935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001943103,0.000342302,0.00008186839,0.0001590747,0.000823898,0.0005129316,0.00004958254,0.001158597,0.000002861027],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002096235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01569821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9984376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964256,0.0007555108,0.0006630394,0.0003806808,0.000134621,0.001640591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960558,0.0008608722,0.0004607609,0.0002467094,0.0003584569,0.002017346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003384566,0.0001187987,0.1328155,0.001623213,0.000140805,0.002868343,0.6768373,0.00005689948,0.0001527186,0.171676,0.0009055074,0.01246642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004855464,0.0002294813,0.5250586,0.0001122634,0.003623208,0.001473542,0.4654885,0.00004967119,0.00001906562,0.001281938,0.001814673,0.0003635479],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773229,0.0006883573,0.0001009716,0.001642155,0.0005338088,0.0001560367,0.00008200517,0.00001350625,0.01946021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954089,0.001568502,0.0009417486,0.001531023,0.0003305263,0.000007779636,0.000006246708,0.00001815833,0.0001871209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3922431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.167624211418046,"score_gpt":0.3337723105257158,"score_spread":0.1661480991076698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}