{"id":"W2155467288","doi":"10.5430/wje.v2n4p85","title":"The Role of Refusal Instruction in Pragmatic Development","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"English as a foreign language; Comprehension; Psychology; Speech act; Control (management); Set (abstract data type); Explicit knowledge; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001975489,0.0003158946,0.0003255302,0.0003161688,0.0004205474,0.0005965229,0.0003906551,0.0003873974,0.001139483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008780565,0.0002065231,0.000158938,0.000108003,0.001158422,0.0005258489,0.0006812536,0.0006458604,0.0001648286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000246428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001214184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005037892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006795235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984902,0.0007238351,0.00009182622,0.0001415004,0.0004174245,0.0001352211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953891,0.002439815,0.0009594831,0.0004558499,0.0004136064,0.0003420498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003687578,0.01142222,0.1484199,0.001751763,0.00009621082,0.001357248,0.05150368,0.0006394434,0.2223639,0.005480699,0.0004687642,0.5528086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093435,0.04012717,0.7397171,0.0007189374,0.0004862509,0.003929495,0.03640633,0.003817479,0.1375143,0.01368819,0.02247711,0.0001833025],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981521,0.0001183113,0.0006476984,0.00006492856,0.000006891781,0.00002653869,0.000003958326,0.00001024579,0.0009692534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976971,0.0001322568,0.001653092,0.00002554894,0.000007180588,0.00003006442,0.000007492202,0.000005240375,0.0004421026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001975489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0104475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01467457289276003,"score_gpt":0.2606120395459242,"score_spread":0.2459374666531641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}