{"id":"W2155467288","doi":"10.5430/wje.v2n4p85","title":"The Role of Refusal Instruction in Pragmatic Development","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"English as a foreign language; Comprehension; Psychology; Speech act; Control (management); Set (abstract data type); Explicit knowledge; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007876079,0.00003556527,0.00006311675,0.0001430317,0.0001410375,0.00003125954,0.00005855602,0.000007688839,0.0001106529],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007568199,0.00002365891,0.00002001516,0.00003574905,0.00002738908,0.0002063953,0.000005283327,0.0001682212,0.00000560503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006078443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001325839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003197163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003015226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999431,0.0000799578,0.0002847637,0.00002102441,0.0001048408,0.00007842365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994832,0.00006675284,0.000312281,0.00004235468,0.00007186511,0.00002359034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000264514,0.0002677223,0.04552306,0.00002474573,0.00002524344,6.150759e-8,0.2129574,0.00002188706,0.0002264053,0.1631619,0.001047204,0.576718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001076436,0.00001788314,0.03023875,0.0001471176,0.000008492784,0.000008012068,0.03039301,0.000006454276,0.0002267564,0.00170743,0.9370967,0.00004180497],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9670868,0.001606976,0.000004928209,0.000288768,0.001325999,0.00003114238,6.194258e-8,0.00000256987,0.02965277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963206,0.00001125093,0.0004416321,0.00001850397,0.0006666007,0.000001737077,7.82078e-7,0.000003995746,0.002534871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9360495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1211572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01467457289276003,"score_gpt":0.2606120395459242,"score_spread":0.2459374666531641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}