{"id":"W2155919828","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01223.x","title":"Refractive convergent plasma lenses explain extreme scattering events and pulsar scintillation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Pulsar; Physics; Scintillation; Scattering; Optics; Astrophysics; Plasma; Computational physics; Detector; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001297571,0.0002039422,0.0002339563,0.00001155155,0.0001855813,0.00002650847,0.0002144186,0.00002841932,0.00007186966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002556943,0.000164378,0.0002568181,0.0000486012,0.0001268822,0.0002360222,0.0002367658,0.0001835127,0.00001309758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007762823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001328395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002040329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.370472e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988945,0.00005394397,0.0002627734,0.0002259161,0.0001690145,0.0003938597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993095,0.00007546728,0.0002690811,0.0002160549,0.00001886043,0.0001110061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007611194,0.0002469252,0.8369298,0.00002615272,0.000487967,3.066359e-8,0.001697281,0.1433107,0.007679336,0.0002786446,0.001422653,0.007844465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001403397,0.00007173187,0.8473855,0.0001063091,0.0002556905,3.081297e-8,0.002375131,0.1372367,0.008840595,0.0001649941,0.001508398,0.0006515509],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978803,0.0000311642,0.0004939454,0.0009098805,0.000268599,0.0001896868,0.00006020082,0.000009788289,0.0001563658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979535,1.136058e-7,0.001406606,0.0001141624,0.000431297,0.00001544503,0.00001257387,0.00002017455,0.00004616664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01045569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6703141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01212935305627145,"score_gpt":0.2033677139222808,"score_spread":0.1912383608660094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}