{"id":"W2156644391","doi":"10.1080/10635150390196993","title":"Accelerated Likelihood Surface Exploration: The Likelihood Ratchet","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Systematic Biology","topic":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Tree (set theory); Algorithm; Set (abstract data type); Heuristic; Inference; Tree rearrangement; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Computer science; Local optimum; Phylogenetic tree; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Combinatorics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007368646,0.0002269663,0.0003488548,0.00001905711,0.0002002836,0.0000402211,0.0002865934,0.0001918476,0.00001941755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002146502,0.0001433858,0.0001093633,0.0001202369,0.0001063497,0.000001168486,0.0001175329,0.0000938576,0.00005228381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001169768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001000135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000151217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003878539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981658,0.0005803272,0.0004463003,0.0003663517,0.00007316418,0.0003680391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989185,0.00005848119,0.0001853749,0.0006147127,0.0001559693,0.00006691241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002546539,0.00009291316,0.007569397,0.00127936,0.0005083535,0.000001985084,0.0007273362,0.0001902998,0.9844894,0.004107034,0.0009384229,0.00007004719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005213578,0.002808266,0.005711993,0.001034854,0.0007190201,0.000355772,0.0144902,0.0007035501,0.8935868,0.05016775,0.02222927,0.002979002],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863669,0.006849847,0.003080038,0.0005418198,0.0005897977,0.0009369578,0.00001433872,0.00001174882,0.001608576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984351,0.0001570737,0.0006122171,0.0003777065,0.0001130451,0.000135093,0.00002481717,0.00002054061,0.000124437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09090264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5847101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02734373941693108,"score_gpt":0.2585332501050232,"score_spread":0.2311895106880921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}