{"id":"W2156939748","doi":"10.1093/ije/dys018","title":"Burden of disease, health indicators and challenges for epidemiology in North America","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Epidemiology","topic":"Historical and modern epidemiology studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Epidemiology; Life expectancy; Public health; Ethnic group; Social epidemiology; Social determinants of health; Environmental health; Medicine; Inequality; Health equity; Disease; Health care; Global health; Geography; Gerontology; Economic growth; Population; Political science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03259042,0.001004324,0.001399143,0.007686269,0.002712606,0.008478173,0.001933975,0.003503427,0.003006606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03813258,0.000796427,0.0007398867,0.01310259,0.005756356,0.007012499,0.004862918,0.006223813,0.0006444771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01216093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04562522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1539843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1967769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9875377,0.005747692,0.001875364,0.0008751179,0.003276943,0.0006872523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9694104,0.01526846,0.00331844,0.001290152,0.008357118,0.002355402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006435584,0.00007140309,0.06936302,0.006189597,0.0002645236,0.0004273023,0.00874801,0.001146394,0.0003540152,0.04535437,0.5231331,0.3448839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001776962,0.00004637442,0.1413995,0.01375844,0.0001338999,0.0005723466,0.009992069,0.0007710018,0.0001082165,0.05251796,0.7805654,0.000117033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002989114,0.4425706,0.002515959,0.5339339,0.007940587,0.00008503855,0.001729758,0.000136792,0.008098274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08320469,0.7979884,0.02423396,0.06195699,0.02557205,0.0005230585,0.003182266,0.0001318128,0.003206762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8460157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3061761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1883391630243705,"score_gpt":0.4409228780545872,"score_spread":0.2525837150302168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}