{"id":"W2157762664","doi":"10.1109/35.883503","title":"Hierarchical QAM: a spectrally efficient dc-free modulation scheme","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Communications Magazine","topic":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Quadrature amplitude modulation; Computer science; QAM; Modulation (music); Electronic engineering; Scheme (mathematics); Pulse-amplitude modulation; Realization (probability); Amplitude modulation; Delta modulation; Analog transmission; Telecommunications; Bandwidth (computing); Frequency modulation; Bit error rate; Transmission (telecommunications); Physics; Digital signal; Decoding methods; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002024078,0.0002381077,0.0002334218,0.0001868564,0.0002442956,0.00005067234,0.002493446,0.0001187982,0.000321909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004833931,0.0002728004,0.0000916367,0.0005779524,0.0002364776,0.0001899366,0.0002232772,0.000596432,0.0005746018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001723875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002369233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008316581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004632392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986374,0.00011358,0.0004930675,0.0002101114,0.0002331093,0.0003127387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938968,0.0001718906,0.00005456192,0.005686176,0.00009552385,0.00009505252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008043748,0.001013702,0.0003530622,0.000102978,0.0001578702,0.000005343023,0.0008470945,0.5274597,0.1067179,0.02433861,0.02362425,0.3152991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000616389,0.00003956896,0.003742713,0.00007659431,0.00001613884,0.00002013589,0.000006920645,0.8588487,0.006754754,0.00414827,0.1252218,0.0005079944],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4021653,0.004803241,0.3489781,0.01173281,0.0004089609,0.002127564,0.0001512686,0.01168246,0.2179503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8041453,0.001802031,0.1929082,0.0001021734,0.00005416226,0.0001725859,0.0000924659,0.00006793105,0.0006551439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.40198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0200478842000157,"score_gpt":0.2688756087228799,"score_spread":0.2488277245228642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}