{"id":"W2157853939","doi":"10.1007/s11191-014-9682-1","title":"Explanatory Identities and Conceptual Change","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science & Education","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Thunder; Conceptual change; Identity (music); Lightning (connector); Epistemology; Electricity; Meteorology; History; Earth science; Sociology; Aesthetics; Philosophy; Geography; Geology; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01198129,0.0006795488,0.0007137242,0.003778756,0.008616195,0.01293978,0.003181439,0.004627192,0.01396076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02185136,0.0006939863,0.0006450572,0.002641727,0.05044634,0.02000518,0.007608023,0.007035247,0.001315556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006655986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004034712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003206859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002209151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9880669,0.007972922,0.000369293,0.001426368,0.001271754,0.0008927431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9850654,0.007994605,0.001216015,0.003402337,0.001632803,0.0006888055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003519365,0.000005720752,0.0001051064,0.000004816814,0.000001259592,0.00001536762,0.005141063,0.00002420641,0.0000135476,0.9936668,0.0002708141,0.0007478576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001487528,0.000004251008,0.0001974099,0.00003248166,0.000007092641,0.00004041803,0.008764239,0.0003934067,0.0001134963,0.9714119,0.01901491,0.000005434011],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1352912,0.002702582,0.09478596,0.1060723,0.001229998,0.0001797294,0.0002827139,0.000198912,0.6592566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814198,0.0003628764,0.005497912,0.001208931,0.0002008885,0.0001384261,0.0001139462,0.00007298843,0.0109842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9913838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06336391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07146269406900053,"score_gpt":0.2583191057133198,"score_spread":0.1868564116443193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}