{"id":"W2157937931","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.12.012","title":"Confounding, effect modification, and the odds ratio: common misinterpretations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Jewish General Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Confounding; Observational study; Covariate; Medicine; Odds ratio; Randomized controlled trial; Odds; Multivariate statistics; Causal inference; Marginal structural model; Effect modification; Logistic regression; Internal medicine; Statistics; Confidence interval; Mathematics; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1136307,0.001669633,0.002823948,0.007518611,0.001744035,0.00913329,0.005832549,0.008868568,0.002394692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4086931,0.00147233,0.001984087,0.005192946,0.026515,0.009744706,0.005486409,0.01358469,0.0007054204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002526679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003162482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002176973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00167334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9051756,0.06323188,0.01149538,0.005883891,0.01356266,0.0006506153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4842278,0.4724163,0.01040515,0.02125074,0.01075976,0.0009402258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002731691,0.0000627011,0.003039639,0.00199818,0.0005588344,0.001574768,0.00478097,0.001750479,0.0004222981,0.869024,0.03112996,0.08538504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006263983,0.00001866065,0.0004580639,0.0006479696,0.0001233278,0.00141467,0.0004912933,0.003005406,0.0004103215,0.9714922,0.0218119,0.00006355556],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01242916,0.1545764,0.5159332,0.294342,0.01269212,0.0001456486,0.0006986405,0.0007387155,0.00844422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4610588,0.07556599,0.3040448,0.09099038,0.06077658,0.0007690543,0.000314465,0.0007679689,0.005711926],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8863693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6009436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6242836383000328,"score_gpt":0.639468897836851,"score_spread":0.01518525953681826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}