{"id":"W2158010112","doi":"","title":"Canada's Investments in Science and Innovation: Is the Existing Concept of Research and Development Sufficient?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Capital expenditure; Economics; Capital investment; Public economics; Finance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003660791,0.0006407483,0.0009853644,0.006658739,0.006422449,0.01196029,0.001905048,0.001845408,0.003060645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0152772,0.0002285062,0.0005855977,0.01304714,0.01027283,0.005268824,0.002688517,0.00288815,0.0003707627],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1028756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1701906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9775955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9841383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908329,0.0006498117,0.0002797696,0.0005649987,0.0062785,0.001393981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9874455,0.001795771,0.001152115,0.0004681731,0.007345272,0.001793194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"incentives","domain_candidate":"incentives","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008173169,0.00004181172,0.02741044,0.0006888392,0.00006933681,0.0001643737,0.002178297,0.001179797,0.0001821879,0.7832734,0.07509486,0.1096349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003383064,0.00003609326,0.08983452,0.002046548,0.0001762266,0.0001729157,0.005906899,0.004354028,0.0004010416,0.1472989,0.7495371,0.000201931],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0668817,0.05488476,0.009675711,0.4511309,0.002326592,0.0001307833,0.008071725,0.0002528143,0.4066451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8844496,0.05352641,0.01145761,0.01866238,0.0009252334,0.0001217171,0.002673685,0.00009619019,0.02808721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9963392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7464184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07047537584244652,"score_gpt":0.2838836299434281,"score_spread":0.2134082541009816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}