{"id":"W2158284483","doi":"10.1017/s0021855312000162","title":"Corporate Criminal Responsibility: A Comparative Analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of African Law","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vicarious liability; Doctrine; Mens rea; Statutory law; Criminal law; Political science; Law; Element (criminal law); Scope (computer science); Strict liability; Business; Legal doctrine; Corporate liability; Criminal liability; Restrictiveness; Liability; Tort","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002935782,0.00009903906,0.0003592015,0.0002941323,0.0001327101,0.0002247796,0.0001603873,0.00001781299,0.00050926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003343112,0.00007267734,0.00019276,0.0008855937,0.0001418932,0.0008754804,0.00005175346,0.00009564916,0.0001515691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002539267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001621878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001887735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001165389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990949,0.00002114103,0.0003857525,0.00009969142,0.0002663562,0.0001321333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981497,0.00004692076,0.0008893795,0.0001297195,0.0007670809,0.00001720694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009903286,0.0006057363,0.1070217,0.0001304997,0.003714474,0.0000749313,0.002273808,0.002835931,0.00205807,0.8053659,0.07090805,0.004020587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009339416,0.0001021958,0.8234836,0.00004413288,0.001770988,0.00001166925,0.009573511,0.006400189,0.00007927384,0.06367975,0.0935419,0.0003788189],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8662912,0.0000832454,0.0006345676,0.002343429,0.0001509052,0.0001021884,7.058378e-7,0.00001783066,0.1303759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977944,0.00000163091,0.0005188573,0.0008929924,0.000350311,0.000002711531,9.384253e-7,0.000003721859,0.0004344173],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7416862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.557604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07952303392305554,"score_gpt":0.2805601107405329,"score_spread":0.2010370768174774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}