{"id":"W2158433072","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2444978","title":"Elections and De Facto Expenditure Decentralization in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; De facto; Political science; Public administration; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001795041,0.0002091003,0.0009795537,0.002020548,0.006886112,0.005028337,0.001307554,0.001426193,0.0139675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009865071,0.0004022277,0.0006809034,0.004575984,0.002628012,0.001160571,0.002503631,0.003169579,0.0004155291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1224479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1296735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9970451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9987081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960942,0.0001820808,0.00009893891,0.0002079319,0.0005715362,0.002845397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9903252,0.001333583,0.001628952,0.0002591774,0.002784478,0.003668672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001547226,0.0005410738,0.7925117,0.0002161029,0.0003209332,0.0008361713,0.01351053,0.008924228,0.0007183817,0.1007659,0.03419072,0.045917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001182475,0.00005939707,0.95579,0.0001038244,0.0001042282,0.00005755425,0.01028248,0.002215629,0.0002724995,0.002369304,0.02855746,0.00006937727],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9593896,0.001513694,0.0001581416,0.009948219,0.00006897884,0.000047356,0.001655803,0.00003493171,0.02718329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894336,0.0003863874,0.00004051915,0.0003248363,0.00002150253,0.000006235801,0.0002866534,0.000009575619,0.00949071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1224479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8884256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004177929066038618,"score_gpt":0.2272877743841707,"score_spread":0.2231098453181321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}