{"id":"W2158750928","doi":"10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00003.x","title":"Transformation Series as an Ideographic Character Concept","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cladistics","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; American Museum of Natural History","keywords":"Synapomorphy; Phylogenetic tree; PhyloCode; Character (mathematics); Phylogenetic nomenclature; Epistemology; Character evolution; Homology (biology); Biology; Evolutionary biology; Cladistics; Clade; Mathematics; Philosophy; Genetics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004460231,0.000434044,0.0004409485,0.003563975,0.002925459,0.004542761,0.001181725,0.001721579,0.005608005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007948413,0.0003145519,0.000856864,0.002303364,0.02347681,0.01364099,0.003443878,0.002947979,0.000895864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002022333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001165077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005353487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003520484,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959507,0.001686191,0.0003525961,0.000768295,0.0009358958,0.0003062908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927036,0.003920538,0.0007516003,0.00116936,0.001034953,0.0004200375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004190418,0.00000321039,0.0001250611,0.000009950576,0.000001194226,0.00001885351,0.0002811546,0.00009610417,0.00009056824,0.9960248,0.0002171637,0.003127717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006536444,0.00002206599,0.0002598506,0.00002179711,0.000004824008,0.0001834173,0.0003157194,0.001486091,0.0003557581,0.9616731,0.03566118,0.000009736144],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.06146878,0.003083772,0.6091777,0.006046451,0.001175151,0.000234499,0.0002983889,0.0003617394,0.3181535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8403397,0.001434647,0.136402,0.001274057,0.0009821529,0.0004577432,0.0003276486,0.0001557498,0.0186263],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005608005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02358824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03230918421955883,"score_gpt":0.2270877005850278,"score_spread":0.194778516365469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}