{"id":"W2159852575","doi":"10.3899/jrheum.100497","title":"The Hawthorne Effect, Sponsored Trials, and the Overestimation of Treatment Effectiveness","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Rheumatology","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; School of Medicine, University of Kansas; National Institutes of Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Arthritis Foundation","keywords":"Medicine; Hawthorne effect; Physical therapy; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03098182,0.0001237802,0.0005477322,0.00006051423,0.0002939261,0.00003480527,0.0003534263,0.00005121885,0.000009794288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01700796,0.0000420469,0.0001364427,0.0001142387,0.0006468537,0.00007050969,0.00004726535,0.0002469445,0.000005052029],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000164163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003633009,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006837773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003413001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9809175,0.01820677,0.0004662313,0.00008511232,0.0001672889,0.0001570779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9156702,0.08331749,0.000718382,0.0002347585,0.00003165267,0.00002753711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.083634,0.0002604889,0.09166639,0.0003674319,0.0009196898,0.00002570657,0.003039404,0.001028218,0.5036142,0.1674049,0.001387706,0.1466518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.08416384,0.01072871,0.1504476,0.000859801,0.003821637,0.01637859,0.0005178147,0.08005155,0.5523845,0.08259242,0.01707525,0.0009783177],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959306,0.000303503,0.001155289,0.001120406,0.0006545013,0.00064588,0.000001634643,0.00000649476,0.0001817176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988573,0.001037131,0.0000193156,0.00002328473,0.00001237804,0.00001173523,1.661798e-7,0.000006701493,0.000032027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1456735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02339950133421513,"score_gpt":0.3045125465266588,"score_spread":0.2811130451924437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}