{"id":"W2159960526","doi":"10.1093/biosci/bit001","title":"Changing Ecosystem Dynamics in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Regulation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioScience","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":284,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; Ministry of Natural Resources; University of Illinois at Chicago; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Michigan State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Michigan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; China Scholarship Council; Ohio State University; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","keywords":"Trophic level; Food web; Ecosystem; Trophic cascade; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Lake ecosystem; Environmental science; Apex predator; Ecosystem-based management; Predation; Invertebrate; Phytoplankton; Fishery; Biology; Nutrient","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003103065,0.0001725607,0.0001825268,0.0005801113,0.0003957419,0.0008594315,0.0001808709,0.0002122335,0.0004836362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006886849,0.0001225973,0.0001862803,0.0004404402,0.000692131,0.0005528661,0.0005759255,0.0001414441,0.00005091381],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00139626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000573489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06245279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.137023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998807,0.00002589957,0.00000763978,0.00002997699,0.0000238547,0.00003197508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999733,0.00004515932,0.00009836112,0.00001380798,0.00005342088,0.0000562435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009052283,0.00002333475,0.9619093,0.00008235518,0.0001460504,0.0003770116,0.002396547,0.002004195,0.01567121,0.0005436562,0.0003818768,0.01637405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001166922,0.000009852077,0.9985477,0.000003303616,0.000008709781,0.00001986988,0.0002680138,0.0006342159,0.0001639001,0.000100959,0.0002379188,0.000004275303],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989995,0.0002015953,0.00006815976,0.0001292571,0.000001590001,0.000001652614,0.0000474543,0.000006513865,0.0005441848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995965,0.00009886208,0.00007997121,0.00004483835,0.000002754799,0.000001862158,0.00003288472,0.000001308693,0.0001409657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9375472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1241785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006464519446927107,"score_gpt":0.192286218812458,"score_spread":0.1858216993655309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}