{"id":"W2161113310","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.2012.07.0192","title":"Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in an Urban Environment in Beijing","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":384,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Combustion; Environmental science; Biomass burning; Environmental chemistry; Beijing; Coal combustion products; Apportionment; Aerosol; Sulfur; Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002974572,0.00009141755,0.0001841873,0.00006751155,0.0001159455,0.00002656075,0.00009923229,0.00008386336,0.0004854647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006328055,0.00008622603,0.0000136276,0.0001712,0.0003590644,0.0004648361,0.0002131179,0.0002422014,0.00005118195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000126395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002971769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003538407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977177,0.000609113,0.0004499267,0.0003206376,0.000496135,0.0004065335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993723,0.0001193979,0.00008152927,0.0001992705,0.000006931981,0.0002205965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003465535,0.0003090754,0.8937547,0.0001046199,0.000001866067,9.651111e-7,0.005830156,0.0001003824,0.06175504,0.0001335924,0.00005529201,0.03791971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003546564,0.0001760715,0.9951448,0.00003314552,7.531629e-7,6.94018e-7,0.001223933,0.001007147,0.001252808,0.0002339342,0.0004712439,0.0001008513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957904,0.0000341315,0.0002969269,0.00321826,0.000007239704,0.0004996405,0.000004578163,0.000006423566,0.0001423486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988375,0.0001859293,0.0001887577,0.0003955503,0.00001275885,0.00005621683,0.00001712361,0.000007378055,0.0002987777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1013901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5315498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.110439725504544,"score_gpt":0.374035286744863,"score_spread":0.263595561240319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}